Friday, March 3, 2017
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ginz is a simple free password manager
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Available link for download
Saturday, November 26, 2016
FreeBSD Simple Info
FreeBSD Simple Info
1. ????.cshrc??
???????.cshrc??.
#csh .cshrc file
alias h history 25
alias j jobs -l
alias la ls -a
alias lf ls -FA
alias ll ls -lA
alias su su -m
setenv EDITOR vi
setenv EXINIT set autoindent
setenv PAGER more
set path = (~/bin /bin /usr/{bin,games} /usr/local/bin /usr/X11R6/bin)
if ($?prompt) then
# An interactive shell -- set some stuff up
set filec
set history = 1000
set ignoreeof
set mail = (/var/mail/$USER)
set mch = `hostname -s`
set prompt = "${mch:q}: {!} "
umask 2
endif
path??????shell????????????. ??????????
?????????????????. ?????????????.
???????????????????. ???????????. ??
??????????path????, ??????????????????
?.
?????????????, ??????????"./" . ??, ??
/usr/local/www/cgi-bin/?????????????. ???getdata.pl,
???getdata.pl, ?????????HTML??, ???????????
?, getdata.pl: Command not found. ??????path???????"."
??. ?????????????:
./getdata.pl
?????????HTML. ?????????, ????????????
?????.
?? TCSH ???
???????, tcsh?csh??????????????????????.
?????????tcsh????.cshrc?????:
#tcsh .tcshrc file
alias h history 25
alias j jobs -l
alias la ls -a
alias lf ls -FA
alias ll ls -lF
#alias su su -m -- bad for suing to root..
setenv EDITOR vim
setenv PAGER less
set path = ( ~/bin /usr/local/bin /bin /usr/{bin,games} /usr/sbin /sbin /usr/local/samba/bin /usr/X11R6/bin /usr/local/java/bin .)
setenv IRCNICK ringzero
setenv IRCSERVER irc2.magic.ca
setenv NNTPSERVER news.sentex.ca
if ($?prompt) then
# An interactive shell -- set some stuff up
set filec
set fignore = .o # ignore object files for filec
set showmatch # for programming
set history = 100
set savehist = 75 # tcsh version of history..
set ignoreeof
set mail = (/var/mail/$USER)
set prompt="vinyl:{%h}%~ %% " # tcsh version of above!
set watch = (1 gabor any mike any adrian any pwardrop any)
umask 2
endif
???????????setenv??. ??????, ???????????
???irc??????????. ??????????set fignore = .o , ?
??file completion(set filec)(???: ??tcsh????,??????file
completion ????bash????????,??????,???????)??
???".o"???. ??????C?????????, ??????????
".c"?????".o"??. set showmatch ? tcsh ??????file completion
??. ??????, ?????! set prompt ?????shell??????
??????. ???????????????. ???????:
mark:{123}~ % cd /usr/src
mark:{124}/usr/src %
?????????home??. ??????????tsch?csh???, ???
????,??????man tcsh! ????shells???(??tcsh?"watch"??)
??man page?. ?????????????????!
??:
????????.cshrc??, ????source .cshrc????
??????!
2. ??????????(Virtual Terminals)
(???: ?????????Virtual Terminals???????,
???????Pseudo terminals???????)
????????????????????????. ?????????
????, ??????????. ????????4?????, ???3?
??.?ALT?F2?F3(F1???????)????????????????.
??????????????, ???????????????????.
?ALT?F1???????.
????????, ????????????/dev??. ????MAKEDEV
??. MAKEDEV???shell??, ?????sh shell???????. ????
???:
cd /dev
sh MAKEDEV vty 16
??:
(???????MAKEDEV, ?????????)
????16??????. ?????ALT+F????. (???: ??F???12?)
???????????????/etc/ttys???????. ??/etc/?????
?vi???/etc/ttys??.
cd /etc
vi ttys
#
# $Id: ttys,v 1.2 1998/09/02 01:34:57 brian Exp $
# @(#)ttys 5.1 (Berkeley) 4/17/89
#
# name gettytype status comments
#
# This entry needed for asking password when init goes to single-user mode
# If you want to be asked for password, change "secure" to "insecure" here
console noneunknown off secure
#
ttyv0 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
# Virtual terminals
ttyv1 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
ttyv2 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
#ttyv3 "/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon" xterm off secure
ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
ttyv4 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
ttyv5 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
ttyv6 "/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon" xterm off secure
# Serial terminals
# The dialup keyword identifies dialin lines to login, fingerd etc.
ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" dialup off secure
ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" dialup off secure
ttyd2 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" dialup off secure
ttyd3 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" dialup off secure
# Pseudo terminals
ttyp0 none network secure
ttyp1 none network secure
ttyp2 none network secure
ttyp3 none network
(???: ???????, ?????/etc/ttys?????)
?????X window, ??????????????. ?????,
ttyv4 ????.
?????Virtual Terminals???????. ??????16???
?????, ??????16?????????. ?????/etc/ttys
?????16???????????; ?????4?. ???????
????????:
ttyv2 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure
?????????yy???j???????12p???????12?.??
???ttyv2?12???, ????????????. ?4??,???5,6,
7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f.
??????/etc/ttys?????ttyv1 - ttyvf??????.
?vi??????????????,??????????????r??
?????????,???j?????????????.
??????ZZ??vi. ?????init??. ?????????:
kill -HUP 1
????????????????.
3. ??????
??????????. ????????, ?????????.(??,
??????????????). ??????????.
??????FreeBSD,FreeBSD???????????????. ????
???"-c"??reboot. ?????????visual config????????
??. ????????????????????????IDE??????
???,?????SCSI??????????????SCSI???. ????
??????*??*?????, ???visual config????????. ?
????????????????????.
????????????, ?????????dmesg. ????????
??.
/usr/> dmesg | more
??????SCSI???, ????????SCSI BIOS?????????
SCSI termination.
??????????, ?????FreeBSD?????.
******************************************************************
???????????????????????. ??????????
????????????????DOS FAT????. ??????, ???
??????????sd1, ??????????SCSI???(?SCSI ID 1).
???????FAT??:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd1 count=100
???????????"disk label". ???????????FreeBSD?
??:
disklabel -Brw sd1 auto
*?rsd1?sd1?????????,???????????????????.
????????????, ?FreeBSD????????. ??????????
??fdisk.
??????FreeBSD???????????, ????? disklabel ???
??????????, ???????disklabel???????????.??
???????????????, ??.
?????IDE??disklabel:
disklabel -e wd0
# /dev/rwd0c:
type: ESDI
disk: wd0s1
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 51
tracks/cylinder: 13
sectors/cylinder: 663
cylinders: 722
sectors/unit: 479298
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds
drivedata: 0
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 65536 0 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 98*)
b: 85936 65536 swap # (Cyl. 98*- 228*)
c: 479298 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 722*)
e: 61440 151472 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 228*- 321*)
f: 266386 212912 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 321*- 722*)
?????????,????????. ?????????,???????
???????????????????(cylinders)?. size ???????
?. offset ?????????????. ?? a ???0??. ??????
??????????????????. ??????????, tracks/cylinder
(???????)??sectors/cylinder(???????)??????????
???.(???*???*???=????) ??offset????, ??????
???????offset.(Size+Offset=?????Offset)
fstype????????????????. FreeBSD??????????
4.2BSD. swap????????????. FAT?DOS?????????.??a
???????,????????????.
?? b ???????. ????offset 0??. ???????????
?. ?? e ???offset 0 ???????????, ??????????
?? e ???.
?? c ?????. ????c??????????.
????newfs?????????????. ???????????, ??
?disklabel ?????c??.
newfs /dev/rsd1c
c????????? - ????????????????????????.
??????????, ???????????newfs???????,???
???.
??,???mount???. ??????????mkdir???"mount point"
/d2 .
mount /dev/sd1c /d2
????, ???????????:
#vinyl % df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/sd0a 31775 13530 15703 46% /
/dev/sd0s1f 1913091 1086207 673837 62% /usr
/dev/sd0s1e 29727 12663 14686 46% /var
procfs 4 4 0 100% /proc
/dev/sd1c 4108717 616594 3163426 16% /d2
?????/etc/fstab????????????????????mount.
???????????mount. ????????????fstab??,??
????.
?????man page???: fstab mount disklabel dmesg dd ? newfs
4. ????????
4.1 ???????????
4.2 ??????
4.3 (??)??daemon & NFS??
4.4 ????????
4.5 ??????(NIS)??
4.6 ??????
4.7 ???????
4.8 ??????
4.9 Allow local configuration override at the very end here
??:
?????????????????. ??????????
4.1 ???????????
swapfile="NO"
# ?????????,??????????????.
# Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired.
apm_enable="NO"
??????APM(??????)??YES
pccard_enable="NO"
???PCCARD??????YES.
pccard_mem="DEFAULT"
??ccard_enable=YES, ????????.
pccard_ifconfig="NO"
???pccard?????(?? NO).
local_startup="/usr/local/etc/rc.d /usr/X11R6/etc/rc.d"
??????.?????,FreeBSD???????,????????
??.???Windows??"??"???.local_startup???????
????????????.???????,???????.????
?????,?????????.???/etc/rc.local???????
????.
4.2. ??????
??????:
hostname="myname.my.domain"
???????. ?????Internet?????????.????
???????DNS??.
nisdomainname="NO"
?? NIS ? ???? NIS (?? NO).
firewall="NO"
????? (?? /etc/rc.firewall) ?? NO.
tcp_extensions="YES"
# ?? RFC1323 & RFC1544 ?? (?? NO).
network_interfaces="lo0"
??????????????.?????????.lo0
???(loopback)?????"localhost".??,??ed0
(NE2000)?fxp0(Intel Ether Express)?????.
ifconfig_lo0="inet 127.0.0.1"
???????????????.
ifconfig_lo0_alias0="inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff"
??lo0?localhost??????.
4.3. (??)??daemon & NFS??:
syslogd_enable="YES"
Syslog ???????.??????????/var/log/.??
/etc/syslog.conf???.
syslogd_flags=""
# syslogd ????? (?????).
inetd_enable="YES"
??????????. ??????????telnet??????
?. ???/etc/inetd.conf???. ??????????, ???
?????????????, ??: finger, telnet,rlogin, ftp,
pop3 ??...
inetd_flags=""
# inetd ???.
named_enable="NO"
??????Internet????, ???, BIND. ?????????
DNS?????????.??? /etc/namedb/named.boot???, ??
?????????. ????????DNS servers.
named_flags="-b /etc/namedb/named.boot"
??????named?????.
kerberos_server_enable="NO"
# ????kerberos????? (?? NO).
# Run a kerberos master server(or NO).
rwhod_enable="NO"
# ?? rwho daemon (?? NO).
amd_enable="NO"
# ?$amd_flags??amd??. (?? NO).
amd_flags="-a /net -c 1800 -k i386 -d my.domain -l syslog /host /etc/amd.map"
??
nfs_client_enable="NO"
# ??????? NFS ??? (?? NO).
nfs_client_flags="-n 4"
# nfsiod ??? (?????).
nfs_server_enable="NO"
# ??????? NFS ??? (?? NO).
nfs_server_flags="-u -t 4"
# nfsd ??? (?????).
weak_mountd_authentication="NO"
# ?? PCNFSD / ?? non-root nfsd (?? NO).
nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
# ?????????NFS (?? NO).
rpc_lockd_enable="NO"
# ?? NFS rpc.lockd (*broken!*) ?? nfs_server.
rpc_statd_enable="YES"
# ?? NFS rpc.statd ?? nfs_server (or NO).
portmap_enable="YES"
# ?? portmapper ?? (?? NO).
portmap_flags=""
# portmap ???(?????).
xtend_enable="NO"
# ?? X-10 ????? daemon.
xtend_flags=""
# xtend ???(?????).
4.4. ????????:
timed_enable="NO"
???? daemon (?? NO).
timed_flags=""
timed ???(?????).
ntpdate_enable="NO"
??ntpdate ????? (or NO).
ntpdate_flags=""
ntpdate ???(?????).
xntpd_enable="NO"
?? xntpd ?????? (?? NO).
xntpd_flags=""
xntpd ???(?????).
tickadj_enable="NO"
?? tickadj (?? NO).
tickadj_flags="-Aq"
tickadj ???(?????).
4.5. ??????(NIS)??:
nis_client_enable="NO"
?????NIS??? (?? NO).
nis_client_flags=""
ypbind ??? (?????).
nis_ypset_enable="NO"
??????ypset (?? NO).
nis_ypset_flags=""
ypset ???(?????).
nis_server_enable="NO"
????NIS??? (?? NO).
nis_server_flags=""
ypserv ???(?????).
nis_ypxfrd_enable="NO"
?????rpc.ypxfrd(?? NO).
nis_ypxfrd_flags=""
rpc.ypxfrd ???(?????).
nis_yppasswdd_enable="NO"
?????rpc.yppasswdd(?? NO).
nis_yppasswdd_flags=""
rpc.yppasswdd ???(?????).
4.6. ??????:
defaultrouter="NO"
??????????.?????Internet?????IP??.??
???????,????ping?????????.????IP??
?10.1.1.3,?????255.255.255.0,?????10.1.1.2???
??10.1.2.2,???????????.
static_routes=""
???????????????????????????.
gateway_enable="NO"
???????????????YES.??????????????
???????,??,ipnat?????????????YES.
router_enable="YES"
??? YES ???????daemon.
router="routed"
?????,????daemon???.
router_flags="-q"
??daemon???.
mrouted_enable="NO"
? multicast routing (?? /etc/mrouted.conf).
ipxgateway_enable="NO"
?? YES ??? IPX ??.
ipxrouted_enable="NO"
?? YES ??? IPX ?? daemon.
ipxrouted_flags=""
IPX ?? daemon???.
arpproxy_all=""
?????????? ARP_PROXY_ALL. ??????????.
4.7. ???????
keymap="NO"
/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/* ??keymap (?? NO).
keyrate="NO"
??????: slow, normal, fast (?? NO).
keybell="NO"
bell to duration.pitch or normal or visual (or NO).
keychange="NO"
??????? (?? NO).
cursor="NO"
???? {normal|blink|destructive} (?? NO).
scrnmap="NO"
/usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps/* ??????(?? NO).
font8x16="NO"
/usr/share/syscons/fonts/* ??8x16??(?? NO).
font8x14="NO"
/usr/share/syscons/fonts/* ??8x16??(?? NO).
font8x8="NO"
/usr/share/syscons/fonts/* ??8x8??(?? NO).
blanktime="NO"
blank time (in seconds) or "NO" to turn it off.
saver="NO"
????: blank/daemon/green/snake/star/NO. ????X???
????????.
moused_type="NO"
rc.conf(
moused_port="/dev/cuaa0"
???????? (??,mousetype ???).
moused_flags=""
moused ?????.
4.8. ??????
cron_enable="YES"
???????daemon. Cron ???????? "daemon". ??????
??????????: /etc/daily /etc/weekly ? /etc/montly.
????????????????
lpd_enable="YES"
??????? daemon. ???????????. ???/etc/printcap
??.
lpd_flags=""
lpd ???(?????).
sendmail_enable="YES"
?? sendmail daemon (?? NO). ????????e-mail???????
?????daemon. ???/etc/sendmail.cf???.
sendmail_flags="-bd -q30m"
-bd is pretty mandatory.
savecore_enable="NO"
??crash???????? (?? NO).
dumpdev="NO"
Device name to crashdump to (if enabled).
check_quotas="NO"
?????? (?? NO).
accounting_enable="NO"
?????? (?? NO).
ibcs2_enable="NO"
?????Ibcs2 (SCO) ??? (?? NO).
linux_enable="NO"
?????Linux ??? (or NO). ????Linux?????.
rand_irqs="NO"
Stir the entropy pool (like "5 11" or NO).
4.9. Allow local configuration override at the very end here
if [ -f /etc/rc.conf.local ]; then
. /etc/rc.conf.local
fi
5. ???????
?FreeBSD???/???????.FreeBSD?????"packages",??????
??????????????????????????. ??????CD, ??
??#1??,??????(???packages???..), ???"/stand/sysinstall"
??,?Post Configuration,????Packages. ???????????packages
??????????.
??,???ftp?ftp.freebsd.org?????package????? -
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/packages-stable ????????.???
?????package,??? .tgz??.??????untar/???. ?????
"pkg_add".
??: ??????? spaz-1.32.tgz ?package
1. su to root (?????root ??? packages)
2. pkg_add spaz-1.32.tgz
????!????package????????????. ????csh?tcsh,??
?rehash????shell???????? bin ??...
??package?????/var/db/pkg??? - ?? cd ???????????
????????????packages. ?????????package,???
pkg_delete??????: pkg_delete spaz-1.32.tgz (?/var/db/pkb??)
FreeBSD?ports????????, ??port????????????????
???. ????ports????"???",?????.??????Internet??,
?????ports tree(???FreeBSD?????????)?? cd ?/usr/ports
???.
?????/usr/ports/net/spaz?????port:
1. su root
2. cd /usr/ports/net/spaz
3. make
??:
??make???????port!
4. make install (?????make????,?????????????
??? bin/lib ??,??????)
5. make clean (???????????????????????)
????,?/var/db/pkg???pkg_delete??????ports.
6. ????Linux???
Linux?????????FreeBSD?????Linux??????.??????
???.??????????????:
* ??????
* ????????????(lkm)
???????, ??????ports collection???Linux?.
cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_lib
make install
??????Linux????/usr/compat. ??????/usr/bin/linux,??
??Linux????????????????.
??????lkm???Linux???, ?????????/etc/rc.conf???
????.
linux_enable="YES" # Linux emulation loaded at startup (or NO).
????????Linux???. ???????????????Linux???,
???? linux.(??root??)
????lkm,?????????????????,??????
options COMPAT_LINUX
Linux?????????.???????rc.conf??.
Available link for download